Science during Renaissance Period

Renaissance

is French for "rebirth"; Italian: Rinascimento, from ri- "again" and nascere "be born" was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe.

The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historic era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not uniform across Europe, this is a general use of the term.

Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths( a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas.) as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo who inspired the term "Renaissance man".

Establishment of Academies

The Academia Del Cimiento in Florence (1657 – 1667)

The Royal Society in London (1662)

The Academie Des Sciences in Paris (1666)

Books and Journals

Journal Des Savants of Paris (1665)

Acta Eruditorum of Leipzig (1682)

Great Treatises

Principia Mathematica of Sir Isaac Newton (1687)

Traite De la Lumiere of Christian Huygens (1690)

Remarkable Scientist during Renaissance

• Johann Gutenberg (1450) – The invention of printing press.
• German Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa (1401 – 64) – The Latin Exponent of the value of experiment, whose recorded careful experiment on a growing plant, providing that it absorbs something from the air, is the first formal biological experiment and the first experimental proof that air has weight.
• Nicholas Copernicus (1453 – 1543) – Developed Heliocentric theory using Scientific method.
• Leonardo Da Vinci (1452 – 1519) – He considered as the greatest artist of his time and was it’s the greatest scientific exponent.
• Andres Vesalius (1514 – 1564) – He wrote one of the first accurate books on human anatomy, De Humani Corporis Fabrica. Founder of modern Human anatomy.

The New Status of the Greek Science

• The Renaissance saw the revival of platonic thoughts.
• 1550 an accumulation of biological works of Aristotle tended to confirm him as “THE MASTER THAT WHO KNOW” in that particular field.
• Simon Stevinus – introduced the decimal fraction.
• Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642) – an astronomer who made telescope.
• Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630) – theorized about the movement of the planets.
• Rene Descartes the inventor of the graph who believed in God’s Existence.
• Paracelsus – Alchemist and Physician of the renaissance. Added a third elements “salt” to make a trinity of alchemical elements.
• Francis Bacon – improvised the scientific method which was based on trial and error.
• Sir Isaac Newton – discovered the gravity.

Nature of European Science

• Owes its past success and its special character to its sharing, in its metaphysics and method.
• The basic features of European society where aggressive cooperation for a common good.

Science during the Industrial Revolution

• An industrial revolution began that transformed Europe from agrarian to urban society towards the end of the 18^th century.